Diagnosis, workup, and risk stratification of upper tract urothelial carcinoma
نویسندگان
چکیده
: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare disease that presents unique challenges to urologists from both diagnostic and management standpoint. UTUC clinically heterogenous with varied natural history, given its location in the upper urinary tract, treatment has potential cause or worsen chronic kidney disease. Therefore, physicians caring for patients must be facile multiple therapeutic strategies order provide optimal patient care. We present an overview of epidemiology, histology, risk factors, contemporary approach diagnosis, laboratory evaluation, imaging, stratification UTUC. Computerized tomographic urography, thorough endoscopic biopsy (endoscopically percutaneously) remain standard care diagnosis staging suspected Preoperative nomograms are vital select more optimally preoperative systemic chemotherapy facilitate clinical trial enrollment. A understanding various challenges, imaging/pathologic limitations, biomarkers, tools will allow us as field develop new modalities improve our capabilities reduce under over patients.
منابع مشابه
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Translational Andrology and Urology
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2223-4683', '2223-4691']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-23-45